X Close

Inside Belfast’s Sandy Row riot

"Unfortunately this is a riot situation now".

“Unfortunately this is a riot situation now”.

4 August 2024 - 5:33pm

Sandy Row, Belfast

When the sun set last night, youths rioted in Sandy Row, a working-class Loyalist community tucked behind Belfast’s city centre. Turning the corner from the main road, bustling shops and bars suddenly morphed into an eerie scene of armoured Land Rovers and police cordons, smouldering bins and broken paving stones, as firefighters made safe the burned-out husk of a Sudanese cafe and barber, an early target for the night’s disorder. Police in full riot gear, some toting baton guns, formed shield walls or sheltered behind their armoured vehicles from occasional rocks and bottles, as Union Flags and red, white and blue bunting hung limply overhead.

“Unfortunately it’s turned into a riot situation now,” a woman, who after a pause gave her name as Marie Morgan, describing herself as a media activist, told me. “They’ve been firing rubber bullets, and as you can see there’s young children here as well, and there’s been no warning they were going to fire those.” There was no evidence of their usage in my presence. Marie was chatting with friends at the doorway of their flat, behind a police cordon: the night was unusually warm for Belfast, and Sandy Row residents had gathered to watch proceedings. Locals were suffering from high rates of homelessness and housing insecurity, Marie complained, but a block of flats slated to be converted for use as social housing was now being used “to store illegal immigrants.”

Armoured Land Rovers line the streets

Partly due to Protestant movement to the suburbs and outlying towns, working class Loyalist areas are experiencing the highest rates of demographic change in Belfast as migrants dispersed from the British mainland are resettled in previously homogeneous, tight-knit communities, dominated by paramilitary factions. It is not always a recipe for harmony. “Nobody’s racist here, we just want the best for our community,” Jenny, a young woman who had just walked barefoot through the smoke-filled no-man’s-land between police and rioters, carrying her high-heels in her hand from a night out, said, before accusing recently arrived migrants of “preying” on local women and girls. “And God help them wee ones in Southport,” she added, “This is where it’s all came from, all of this.”

On the other side of the police cordon, masked youths had set fire to cars as barricades, blocking the PSNI from moving deeper into the area. They whooped as they threw stones and aimed fireworks at the dazzling blue lights of the police lines, smashing up masonry in the flame light for ease of hurling. The air was thick with the stench of burning plastic and rubbish from the bins that had been set ablaze. A crowd had gathered to watch the riot, drinking, and vaping. “Put that there camera away,” one ski-masked lad ordered me, “or you’ll have it taken off you.”

The burnt out Syrian store

Outside the Royal bar, bedecked with British and Israeli flags and doing roaring trade behind steel shutters, drinkers watched firefighters extinguishing the blaze of the burned out Sham supermarket, a Syrian-owned store with flats above, long a focus of local attacks. Armoured Land Rovers had surrounded the pub. Behind them a giant electric traffic sign blinked “DELAYS EXPECTED,” perhaps superfluously. Other ethnic minority stores had been left untouched: drinkers gave differing reasons for why this particular shop had been targeted. “Everyone has their own beliefs, whatever they want,” said Jenny, after emerging from inside the pub with a drink. “But some of their beliefs are wrong, and belittle women.” Her black friend beside her, tottering on her heels, nodded as she watched the firefighters buzzsaw through the charred shop shutters.

As a line of PSNI Land Rovers curved past the pub in convoy, an older drinker berated them in a thick Belfast accent. “You’re the fuckin’ scum of the earth,” he shouted, as riot police in bulky body armour and round helmets filed past like astronauts behind their shields. “Do your Sinn Féin masters’ bidding, you bastards,” he shouted, “Fuck the lot of yous.” England’s riots may have sparked the current round of disorder, but there’s a specifically local undertow of Loyalist disaffection brewing in this rapidly changing community.


Aris Roussinos is an UnHerd columnist and a former war reporter.

arisroussinos

China is threatening America in the AI race

Reports sugget Zhipu AI  has released a new model that can rival leading US systems. Credit: Getty

Reports sugget Zhipu AI has released a new model that can rival leading US systems. Credit: Getty

1 July 2026 - 10:18am

China is trying to catch up with America on artificial intelligence. The Wall Street Journal has reported that Zhipu AI — one of China’s six “AI tiger” LLMs — has released a new model that can rival leading US systems, including Anthropic’s Mythos, in cybersecurity tasks such as pinpointing security bugs. While this marks a milestone in China’s drive to catch up with Western AI capabilities, strong performance on a single benchmark does not mean it has taken the lead. Chinese models still lag behind their Western counterparts in broader capabilities, such as autonomous operation. Skepticism is therefore warranted before resorting to hysterical conclusions, but complacency about the geopolitical implications of China’s AI advances would be an even greater mistake.

On the infrastructure side, Chinese AI is still constrained by access to advanced chips, with American labs way ahead in computing capacity as well as investment. Analysis from earlier this year suggests that Chinese models are likely to be at least a few months behind those in the US. But they are still continuing to make progress, or that the geopolitical importance of AI will be decided only by whose LLM has ventured deeper into the technological frontier. The practical applications of AI, countries’ to capture foreign markets, and the application of AI into the real economy will matter just as much.

Here, China may hold an advantage. As with its dominance across many critical supply chains, Beijing may not need to produce the most advanced AI systems — only those that are affordable and widely deployable. In doing so, it could consolidate global influence by supplying functional, low-cost AI at scale.

Beijing seems to be pursuing exactly that path, developing an AI “open-source” strategy that offers affordable, widely available AI models for companies and individuals to use and modify as they wish. The production of the DeepSeek AI model, which matched the performance of Silicon Valley tools such as ChatGPT at a fraction of the cost for users, created goodwill among Chinese models with developers.

The four most popular models on OpenRouter, an AI hardware platform for developers, are now all Chinese. The goal for China is not only to win the frontier-model race, but to make its systems the default layer of AI adoption across industries and global markets. For most economies, the choice is increasingly between an affordable tool they can deploy now and a more robust one that may be out of reach.

And while the countries adopting Chinese models may be exposed to political pressure and cyber threats from Beijing, safer and more capable alternatives matter little if they are unaffordable. American AI companies are already under pressure to monetize products whose operating costs are rising. If Chinese open-source models become the cheap default for startups, universities, governments and businesses across the developing world, then America’s AI lead will be eroded from below.

Perhaps more concerning for America in the long run is how AI can give Chinese manufacturing even more strength, through the ongoing integration of AI as a general-purpose technology. China’s new Five-Year Plan mentioned AI more than 50 times and includes an “AI+” action plan aimed at spreading AI across the economy.

Beijing has been pioneering automation of its critical infrastructure for years, with promising recent results in increasing warplane production capacity. In that regard, China’s open-model strategy and manufacturing dominance will reinforce each other. Cheap, adaptable models accelerate deployment across the real economy while those deployments generate real-world data and use cases that can feed back into further model improvement.

The United States should not dismiss the importance of its lead in the AI race. That lead worries Beijing, not least because a more automated Chinese economy would also become more vulnerable to AI-generated cyber threats. But nor should Washington assume that China cannot catch up with American capabilities over time.

This AI competition represents part of a broader struggle over tech supply chains and geopolitical influence. Decisions over whether to adopt US or Chinese models could produce a more fragmented global reality, with different regions relying on different cloud providers, chips and security structures. The result will likely be a global economy which is divided into competing spheres, rather than one which produces a single winner.


Miquel Vila is a political and geopolitical risk consultant focusing on industrial strategy, critical infrastructure and global supply chains.

miquelvilam