April 14, 2024 - 5:00pm

A small but disconcerting piece of history was made last night. In the early hours of Sunday, the Islamic Republic of Iran launched a mass strike on Israel. According to the Israelis, this consisted of 170 explosive drones, 30 cruise missiles, and 120 ballistics — significant indeed. Israel and its allies together shot most of these down, often before they reached Israeli airspace. The damage was limited. Casualties are minimal.

Regardless, this was the first direct Iranian strike on sovereign Israeli territory. A geopolitical norm has been broken. A precedent has been set.

The question is, at what cost for Tehran? This was always about the Iranians sending a message rather than trying to do as much damage as possible. They had vowed to respond to Israel’s recent assassination of one of their commanders after Jerusalem tired of their endless arming of Hamas, and the endless attacks from Iranian proxies in Lebanon and Yemen. Tehran needed a response to save face.

And so they took it — carefully. They telegraphed it beforehand; they gave everyone, from Jerusalem to Washington, the chance to get ready; they wanted it to be, above all, contained.

And then, just hours after it had begun, the Permanent Iranian Mission to the UN tweeted a statement that was just as calculated as the strikes. “Conducted on the strength of Article 51 of the UN Charter pertaining to legitimate defense, Iran’s military action was in response to the Zionist regime’s aggression against our diplomatic premises in Damascus,” it read. Then came the nub: “the matter can be deemed concluded.”

It did of course meander on a bit with some characteristically overwrought — and indeed block capital — threats, thundering that “should the Israeli regime make another mistake, Iran’s response will be considerably more severe. It is a conflict between Iran and the rogue Israeli regime, from which the U.S. MUST STAY AWAY!” But the intent was clear: job done; we are standing down.

The strike showed Iran’s ability to launch a mass attack against Israel, but the attack failed. Yes, the Iranians gave warning. Yes, it was never intended to cause damage. And who knows how Israel’s air defences will fare against a simultaneous strike from Iran and all its proxies.

But right now, Israel is enjoying a degree of sympathy from the world that it hasn’t experienced since the immediate aftermath of the 7 October Hamas atrocities. Gaza is, for once, no longer the leading story from the Middle East. The ball is now back in Israel’s court.

Sources tell me that the United States and Britain are both urging Israel not to respond. The language coming out of Jerusalem indicates that no immediate retaliatory strikes are planned. The plan for Israel now should be simple. Kick the ball into the open goal. Lessen some of the pressure on you, and hoover up the rare political goodwill you are enjoying.

As ever, though, with a prime minister desperate to stay out of jail, and in hoc to religious fanatics to keep his coalition alive, there is always a chance that Netanyahu will instead pick up that ball and boot it into the crowds.

We must hope it doesn’t happen. We must hope that the IDF — which is always a sobering voice, on politics if not always on the ground — makes its thoughts clear. Now is not the time for escalation. Analysis, not emotion, must prevail.


David Patrikarakos is UnHerd‘s foreign correspondent. His latest book is War in 140 characters: how social media is reshaping conflict in the 21st century. (Hachette)

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