November 24, 2024 - 1:30pm

This week, the Scottish National Party has presented its legal submission to the Supreme Court in a landmark case over the definition of “woman”. It includes some deeply disturbing assertions, not least the claim that lesbians should not associate in groups of over 25 which exclude “a person with a full GRC [Gender Recognition Certificate] in the acquired gender of ‘female’ who is attracted to women” — otherwise known as a straight male.

Despite its offensiveness, though, the 40-page document is incredibly boring. This is because we all already know what a woman is — an adult human female — even if there are legal definitions which muddy the waters. The aim of the SNP’s submission is not to provide clarity, but to provide convoluted ways of defending obfuscation. After years of witnessing the unforeseen — yet entirely foreseeable — consequences of insisting “trans women are women”, it appears the party is not going to back down any time soon.

Take, for instance, the SNP’s response to the fact that the 2010 Equality Act refers to “pregnant women” when discussing the protected characteristic of pregnancy and maternity. You might think that the very existence of pregnancy discrimination — which occurs within the broader context of women’s subordinate social and economic position in relation to men — would give even the most committed sex denialist pause. Might this not indicate that biological sex is politically salient after all? Isn’t it a reminder that using gender-neutral language for sex-specific experience comes at a cost? Once we stop talking about “pregnant women”, our understanding of pregnancy discrimination shifts dramatically. It suggests this is a self-contained event which can happen to anyone. Isn’t this something we would want to avoid?

Apparently not, according to the SNP.  “The pregnancy and maternity provisions are either capable of being interpreted to apply to a ‘pregnant man’”, the submission reads, “or the man would potentially be entitled to bring a claim of direct discrimination on grounds of gender reassignment.” As Dr Michael Forlan has noted, the document seems to be suggesting “that the drafters of the Equality Act 2010, when they used the term ‘pregnant woman’ made the kind of embarrassing drafting error not seen in the UK since the 1860’s”. It’s as though the “woman” aspect of this discrimination was never really meant to be included at all.

I understand the problem they are trying to deal with, but the solution is entirely backwards. Protections against pregnancy and maternity discrimination should of course cover people who are pregnant but do not see themselves as women. Nonetheless, individual self-perception does not change how this form of discrimination operates. The issue with “pregnant women” illustrates the impossibility of protecting women as a class while treating femaleness as something from which one can opt out. Sometimes, you have to choose which definition matters most.

In some ways, it is amazing that anyone could write about sex-specific discrimination and not think that there is a problem with suggesting the word “woman” could just as well be “man”. Gender-neutral language makes it much harder to understand women’s experiences of discrimination in ways extending far beyond issues of pregnancy. It is unlikely that those who drafted the SNP document sat down and said: “actually, we don’t care about this stuff anymore.” More probable is that at some point it was decided “this stuff” was simply less important than “anyone can be whichever sex they say they are.”

Had I asked 14 years ago that “if trans women can be women, how shall we talk about pregnancy and maternity as women’s issues?” I’d have been told I was fearmongering. This was a tiny minority of people just wanting to live their lives! It would have no impact whatsoever on how women talked about things that mattered to them!

The irony is, this should be the moment — or, at least, another moment — where the SNP thinks: “yes, we got it wrong.” If pretending sex is mutable and politically irrelevant means you struggle to name discrimination which only happens to one sex, the answer isn’t to adopt a different naming strategy. It’s to stop pretending once and for all.


Victoria Smith is a writer and creator of the Glosswitch newsletter.

glosswitch