September 25, 2024 - 7:00am

My old boss Ban Ki-moon, former secretary-general of the United Nations, was fond of remarking to anyone who would listen: “SG also stands for scapegoat.” That’s because if anything went wrong regarding matters of global peace and security, it would inevitably be laid at the UN’s door — and that of the secretary-general in particular.

Fast-forward to this week, as the UN General Assembly convenes in New York, and incumbent Secretary-General António Guterres must contend with a brewing crisis in Lebanon, not to mention a series of long-running conflicts around the world. What can he say to persuade member states that the UN Charter can still be upheld in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, in war-torn Ukraine, and now potentially in Lebanon?

In each case, the permanent members of the UN Security Council have shown contempt for the Charter, and have repeatedly undermined and refused to accept the most basic tenets of international law. Time and time again the veto, which was designed to be used in upholding the Charter, has become the device to negate it; the principal offenders are the United States and Russia and their respective allies. Guterres has this week pushed for major Security Council reform, yet intractable divisions will likely prevent the Secretary-General from getting his way.

Guterres’s period in office has been characterised by his own deep sense of caution. In April 2022, a group of more than 200 former senior UN officials wrote to the Secretary-General, warning him that, unless he did more to achieve a ceasefire and peace negotiations in Ukraine, the organisation risked not just irrelevance but its own future existence. If anything, the situation has now become far worse when taking into account the egregious killing of civilians and use of starvation as a weapon by Israel.

While Guterres has spoken out and UN institutions such as the International Court of Justice have condemned the Israeli occupation, the Secretary-General has been reluctant to call out Joe Biden over the latter’s soft stance on Israel. US-supplied missiles are being dropped on Gaza, and now US-supplied fighter jets are bombing Lebanon. As US Secretary of State Antony Blinken struggles to secure a ceasefire, Guterres could enhance his standing by stepping up to lead the discussions.

To add grotesque insult to injury, Israel has also targeted UN humanitarian workers. Some 289 aid workers, including 207 UNRWA team members, and 885 health workers have been killed. Throughout, Biden has had the power to rein in Benjamin Netanyahu but has singularly refused to do so.

The UN General Assembly, effectively a global parliament, can step in when the Security Council is paralysed. By an overwhelming majority, it has just voted to impose sanctions on Israel, and has affirmed the ruling by the International Court of Justice which legally obliges all member states to end complicity over Israel’s illegal military occupation of the Palestinian Territories. Just as the General Assembly did in the case of apartheid South Africa, all member states are now obliged to impose a comprehensive military embargo, among other sanctions.

The wheels are moving, as the Global South increasingly speaks as one. Really, it would not take a huge amount to break this log jam. Keir Starmer, a former international lawyer, is set to fly to New York for the General Assembly this week. The Biden administration knows that a British prime minister who decides to break with the US State Department and signal support for the sanctions vote will leave America more isolated than ever. For now, though, sceptics won’t be holding their breath: the UN’s power has long since been diluted.


Mark Seddon is a former UN correspondent and New York bureau chief for Al-Jazeera English TV. He also worked in the speechwriting unit for the former secretary general of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon

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