November 12, 2024 - 11:50am

While Donald Trump’s most eye-catching appointment may be Marco Rubio, who is strongly tipped to become the next secretary of state, some of his other hires are just as revealing about the direction his presidency will take. Reports that Stephen Miller will serve as deputy chief of staff for policy in the next administration, and the announcement that Tom Homan will be the new “border czar”, reveal two things about a second Trump White House. Firstly, that the incoming president is recruiting from a deeper populist bench this time around; and secondly, that he is placing immigration policy at the centre of his political vision.

Miller is a pioneering figure in contemporary Republican populism. In his years as a staffer for former Alabama senator Jeff Sessions, he developed a reputation as the consummate border hawk. Miller hopped aboard the Trump train early in the latter’s 2016 presidential run, then became one of his closest advisors and helped push the administration towards taking a maximalist approach to immigration enforcement.

Now, Miller will be returning to the White House with an expanded policy portfolio. As deputy chief of staff for policy, he will have considerable influence in crafting the Trump agenda. Miller’s years of experience in immigration policy have given him an impressive command of the labyrinth of US immigration law and regulations, and the fact that he has been appointed to this position shows the centrality of border control for the Trump administration’s opening act.

Meanwhile, with years of service as a police officer and a Border Patrol agent, Homan climbed the ladder at Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). As acting head of ICE during Trump’s first term, Homan was a staunch defender of border controls, and has been a regular critic of Joe Biden’s lax immigration policies. During a speech at a National Conservatism conference in July, he praised Trump for taking strong executive actions on the border and ended with a promise: if the ex-president won in 2024, Homan would be there with him to “run the biggest deportation operation this country has ever seen”.

Echoing this pledge, Trump’s announcement of Homan’s appointment not only said that he would be “in charge” of the US border, but also tasked the former ICE chief with “all Deportation of Illegal Aliens back to their Country of Origin”.

Eight years ago, Trump’s transition team sometimes struggled to identify personnel who were in line with the president’s populist vision of politics, especially at the upper levels of the administration. This time around, he can draw on a bigger well of people tested by his first four years in office.

The Miller and Homan picks also indicate that Trump’s team may be readying itself for a fierce battle over immigration policy once he returns to office. Democrats are already mobilising legal, legislative, and executive efforts to resist a border crackdown. In a recent cable news appearance, Massachusetts Governor Maura Healey pledged to block the state police from cooperating with deportation efforts, and said that she would use “every tool in the toolbox” to oppose Trump’s actions. Speaking to Fox News after his appointment was announced, Homan pledged to continue regardless of opposition from Democrats: “We’re gonna do the job without you or with you.”

The coordinated detonation of border controls and the ensuing migration crisis during the Biden presidency reveal how much sway executive-branch decisions can hold over immigration policy. There are many steps the Trump White House can take at the presidential level to reverse Biden’s policies — from tearing up memos exempting wide swathes of unauthorised migrants from deportation to tightening the asylum process — and it will need to show results on this front. The breakdown at the border was a constant reminder of the fundamental failure of state capacity under Biden. Restoring order to the immigration system was a central promise of Trump’s 2024 campaign — and it will be an early test of his new administration.


Fred Bauer is a writer from New England.

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